Tirhut Darpan

TIRHUT COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE , DHOLI, MUZAFFARPUR

2010-06-24T02:57:00.000-07:00

The long cherished desire of agricultural community of mithilanchal (north Bihar) was fulfilled on 18 th August 1960 when the foundation stone of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi in the district Muzaffarpur was laid down by the first Chief Minister of Bihar Late Dr. Srikrishna Singh. The aspirations from the College were deployment of excellent source of agricultural knowledge and transformation of this vast fertile track of land of north Bihar in to granary of India to make the people happier.The College is located about 25 km from Muzaffarpur on Muzaffarpur – Pusa road.

OBJECTIVES

Providing agricultural education to young men and women.
Tackling the problems of agriculture
Dissemination of knowledge/technologies

EDUCATION

The college offers a 4 years B.Sc. (Ag.) degree programme with the intake capacity of 50 students. The admission to this programme is through a competitive entrance examination conducted by Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board. Out of 50, 8 seats are reserved for the candidates qualify through the entrance examination conducted by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. The students are trained in modern methods of crop improvement, production and protection technologies. In order to have all-round development of students, the students are encouraged to participate in different activities like games and sports literary and debating, cultural and dramatic as well as N.S.S. and N.C.C. In addition, the final year students are sent to farmer’ field under Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) programme for six months. Recently, special courses/ training like plant Health clinic, Mushroom cultivation, Apiculture, Agri-Horti, Floriculture and Nursery Management have been included in the programme to generate ability for self-employment.

Plant clinic programme is managed in the College to train students against plant diseases insect-pests, nutrient deficiencies and physiological disorders, under the supervision of experienced scientists from different departments of the college.

The college comprises the physical facilities of classrooms, laboratories, and committee room a conference hall and mini-auditorium. Each department in college has well- equipped undergraduate laboratories.

The college has a computer laboratory with a broadband Internet connection, to train the students and exchange of information with over 10 terminals.

The responsibility of an academic institution is not only to provide bookish knowledge but also to care for the all round development of personality of its students. Tirhut College of Agriculture therefore formed different societies like Games and Sports Society, Cultural and Dramatic Society and literary and Debate Society to facilitate participation of students in extra and co-curricular activities. Each society comprises of a president from among teachers and two secretaries from among the students. These societies, in close co-ordination with the University level societies organize intra-college and inter-college level competitions in Games and Sports, Debate etc to select students to represent University at the national level.

Hostel accommodation is available to all the students of the college. Boys and Girls are accommodated in five hostels, of which four are for boys and one for girls. All necessary facilities/amenities for comfortable stay, healthy environment for study and few instruments for entertainment are available in the hostels. Maintenance staffs are deputed for maintaining proper sanitation, security and law and order in the hostels. Each hostel is well connected with telephone. The common room is equipped with television and indoor games facilities. Every hostel subscribes to some popular magazine and newspapers which are placed in the reading rooms.

Since its establishment the Library of the college is catering the needs of students and teachers in addition to the University Library at Pusa. College library in is extending reading materials for all basic subjects in agriculture as well as on applied aspects like Biotechnology, Organic farming, Entrepreneurship development, Psychology, Sociology etc. The library has recently procured CD-ROM database of references.

SHEOHAR DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

2010-01-17T22:22:00.000-08:00

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

Name of District

Sheohar

Date of Creation

6^th of Oct 1994

Boundary

North	South	East	West
Sitamarhi	Muzaffarpur	Sitamarhi	East Champaran

Location, Area And River

Latitude	Longitude	Height from Sea level	Geographical Area	River of District
26⁰24’18”	85⁰21’30”	80M	442.99 Sq KM	Bagmati

Population Details(2001 Census)

Total	Male	Female	Rural	Urban	SC	ST
515961	273680	242281	494699	21262	74391	64
Growth Rate	Density	Sex Ratio	Lit. Male	Lit. Female	Tot. Lit.	Tot. HH
36.16%	1279	885	98775	45669	144444	106808

Administrative Setup

Sub-Divison	Block	Circle	P.S.	Panchayat	Nagar Nikay	Rev. Village
01	05	05	05	53	01 (N.Pan.)	207

Election Information

Number of Parliamentary Constituency	01 (Sheohar Part)
Number of assembly Constituency	02 (22-Sheohar and 30-Belsand Part)
Total No Polling Station in 22-SheoharAC	230
Total No of Polling Station in 30-Belsand AC (Sheohar District Part)	95
Total No Voters in 22-Sheohar AC	221926
Total No of Voters in 30-Belsand AC (Sheohar District Part)	89410
Total No of Voters in District	311336
EPIC Percentage	71.00 (in 22 Sheohar)

Education

Primary School	314	Madarsa	04
Middle School	93	Sanskrit School	04
High School	12	Teacher Training Collage	01
Basic School	02	Literacy Ratio	37.01
Male Literacy	45.54	Female Literacy	27.43

Health

District Hospital	Sub-divisional Hospital	Referral Hospital	Primary Health Centre	A P H C	Health Sub-Centre
00	01	01	02	07	34

Banks

Lead Bank	Nationalised Bank	Rural Bank	Co-Operative Bank	Land Dev. Bank
Bank of Baroda	10	12	02	01

Length of Roads( KM)

N.H.	R.C.D	R.E.O	District Board
18	07	12	02

E-mail Addresses –

DM Sheohar	SP Sheohar
dm-sheohar.bih@nic.in	sp-sheohar-bih@nic.in
DDC sheohar	NIC
ddc-sheohar-bih@nic.in	bihseo@nic.in

Sitamarhi

2009-12-16T22:21:00.000-08:00

The district of Sitamarhi was carved out of Muzaffarpur district on 11th December 1972. It is situated in the northern part of Bihar. Its headquarter is located at Dumra, five kilometers south of Sitamarhi. The district headquarter was shifted here after the town of Sitamarhi was devastated in one of the worst ever earthquake in January 1934.

Sitamarhi is a sacred place in Hindu mythology. It’s history goes back to Treta Yug. Sita, the wife of Lord Rama sprang to life out of an earthern pot, when Raja Janak was ploughing the field somewhere near Sitamarhi to impress upon Lord Indra for rain. It is said that Raja Janak excavated a tank at the place where Sita emerged and after her marriage set up the stone figures of Rama, Sita and Lakshman to mark the site. This tank is known as Janaki-kund and is south of the Janaki Mandir.

Sitamarhi is bautiful place, it is simply awesome to live. As compared to rest of Bihar it is most peaceful place.

Bettiah

2009-12-09T02:01:00.001-08:00

Bettiah, the administrative headquarters of West Champaran District, is situated near the Indo-Nepal border, 150 km north-west of Patna, in Bihar. It is a major industrial and agricultural trade center in the district.

Places of tourist interest include the Maharaja's Palace, Kaali Bagh Mandir, Sagar Pokhar, Circuit House, Roman Catholic Mission (established in 1740), Lauriya Nandangarh (28 km) and Valmiki National Park (80 km).

Patna Airport is the nearest airport. Bettiah Railway Station has connections to Muzaffarpur, Patna, New Delhi and Mumbai. By road, Bettiah is linked with Motihari and Gopalganj.

History of Champaran

2009-12-02T20:16:00.000-08:00

Champaran owes its origin to Champa-aranya or Champkatanys. Champa or Champaka means Magnolia and aranya mess forest. Hence, Champaranya means Forest of Magnolia (CHAMPA) trees.

In the prehistoric period, Champaran constituted a part of the ancient kingdom of Videha .The Aryan Videhas were ordained to settle east of the Gandak or Narayani river. Among the Greatest of the Videha kings was Sirdhwaj Janak an erudite scholar as well as lord temporal and lord spiritual for his subjects. Yajnavalkya was his chief priest who codified the Hindu law known as Yajnavalkya Smriti. Both of his wife Gargi and Maitreyi was renowned scholar. It is Gargi who is credited to compose some of mantras. After the fall of Videhan empire Champaran was ceded to oligarrochial republic of Vrijjan confederacy, with Oligarchcal Vaishali as its capital of the Vriggian confederacy Lichohavis were the most powerful and prominent.

For a true imperialist Ajatshatru the emperor of Magadh the power and fame of Vaishali was eyesore. By tact and force he annexed Lichhavis and occupied its capital, Vaishali. He extended his way over the present district of Purbi Champaran which lasted for nearly hundred years. After the Mauryas , the Sungas and the kanvas ruled over Magadh and its vast territories. Archaeological evidences found in Champaran bear testimony of Sunga and Kanva rules here.

The Kushans, who were migrant Turks, overran the entire northern India in the first century AD Probably Champaran was a part of the Kushan empire at that time. Banphar Rajputs in the 3rd century AD got way by the Kushans . Champaran later become a part of the Gupta empire. Alongwith Tirhut, Champaran was possibly annexed by Harsha during whose reign Huen- Tesang, the famous Chines pilgrim, visited India. During 750 to 1155 AD Palas were in the possession of Eastern India and Champaran formed the part of their territories. Towards the close of the 10th century Gangaya Deva of the Kalacheeri dynasty conquered Champaran .He gave way to Vikramaditya of the Chalukya dynasty, who was accompanied by adventures from the Carnatic .It is believed that one of the adventures counted the Saka dynasty of Bangal another, Nanyadeva, founded the Carnatic dynasty of Mithila with its capital at Siaraon on the Indo- Nepal border.

Medieval History

During 1211 and 1226 first Muslim influences was experienced when Ghyasuddin Iwaz the muslim governor of Bangal extended his a way over Tribhukti or Tirhut .It was however, not a complete conquest and he was only able to have Tirhut from Narsinghdeva a simyaon king, in about 1323 Gnyas- Uddip.Tughiar annexed irabhuk and placed it under Kameshwar Thakur established Sugaon or Thakur dynasty, As Harsinghdeo the last simraon king had taken shelter in Nepal Kameshwar Thakur a Brahmin Rajpandit was installed to regal status. The sugaon dynasty hold Tirabhukti as a tributary province for about a century after the capture of Harsinghdeo . The most famous of the dynasty was Raja Shiva Singh who was adorned by the immortal poet laureate Vidyapati, during the period of Lakshmi Nath Deva Tirabhukti was attached by Sultan Alleuddin Hussain Shah of Bengal and Sikender Lodi of Delhi . A treaty was concluded in 1499 according to which ‘Tirahukti , left to Sikandar Lodi subsequently, Sikander Lodi attacked Tirabhukti and made the prince a tributary chief. However, in contravention of the treaty conducted by his father .Nasrat Shah, son of Allauddin Shah attacked Tirbhukti in 1530 annexed the territory, killed the Raja and thus put an end to the Thakur dynasty.

Nasrat Shah appointed his son -in -law as viceroy of Tirhut and the coformard it was governed by Muslim Governor .In 1526 Babar dynosted Sikandar Lodi but Champaran could not coming prominence till the last days of the Muslim rule.

During the close of the Mughal empire, Champaran witnessed ravages of contending armies. prince Al Gauhar later known as Shah Alam invaded Bihar in 1760 and Khadin Hussain, the Governor of Purnit invited with his army to join him. In the mean time, Nawab Sirajudaulla of Bengal had already been defeated and killed as a result of the joint conspiracy of Mir Jagarkhan and the British, in June, 1757 . Before Khadim Hussain could meet Shah Alam’s forces captain Knox led a British force and defeated him at Hajipur. There after he fled to Bettiah.

British Period

With the rest of Bengal Champaran passed into the hands of East India Company in 1764 but military expeditious were still I. necessary to curb the independent spirit of the chiefs. In 1766 , Robert Barkar easily defeated the local chiefs and forced them to pay tribute or revenue which they had destined till them. however , the Raja of Bettiah did not pay revenues regularly and revolted but was crushed. He fled to Bundelkhand and his estate was consequently confiscated. But to the British it was difficult to manage the affairs of the estate in the make of strong popular resentment. At the time of uprising the estate was restored by the Raja in 1771 .

In the mean time for reaching consequences were taking place in neighboring Nepal. A confrontation was going,. In between the Gurkhas, under Prithvi Narayan of Newar line and British forces. Ultimately a treaty was concluded at Sugauli .There remained peace for 25 years followed by treaty but trouble started after 1840 when a Gurkha troops entered the estate of Raja Ramnagar and extended their claim over his territory. However, Gorkha troops had to retreat due to determined resistance. Later, the Nepalese proved faithfully allies of the British in suppressing the National Movement of 1857.

The repression of the Wahabi movement at Patna furthered of seething discontent of tenants against the activities of the administration as well as the Indigo –Planters. The cultivators were forced to grow indigo even in the face of recurring losses in this account . More over many kinds of illegal realization were effected by the landlords. The administration was the cut do - sac of the oppressions.

In the beginning of 1857 movement the position of Britishers was precarious. Major Hoimes who was commanding the 12th Irregular cavalry, stationed at sugauli was apparently panicked and proclaimed martial law on his own authority. This measure had not attracted hole-hearted support of higher authorities. Major Holmes lad repressive measures and executed some sepoys. Consequently members of the cavalry revolted again the authority. The Major his wife and other members of his family were stained. The Soldiers proceeded towards Siwan to join other forces who had risen against the British authority. The revolt was, however calmed down to enlist support Honorary Magistrates from among the indigo planters were appointed and also authorized them to recruit local police. Some of the big estate holders like the Raja of Bettiah even gave support to the British Gurukha troops of the British were asset to them.

The later history of the district is inter woven with the saga of exploitation of the indigo planters. Britain used to get supplies of indigo from her American colonies which ceased after war of .Independence fought in 1776 leading to their freedom. Britain had to depend upon India for supplies of Indigo. Europeans steered many factories in the indigo producing areas of Bengal and Bihar.

Estate of Bettiah and Ramnagar gave lease of land to them on easy terms for cultivation of indigo. The arrangement made for the cultivation of indigo were (1) Zirat and (2)Tenkuthiya . Apparently ,nothing went wrong by the introduction of both the systems. But actually, the peasants suffered a lot due to both the systems. The wages paid to laborers were extremely low and entirely inadequate. The were forced to labor hard and were severely punished for alleged slackness on their part Sri Raj kumar shukla, an indigo cultivator of the district having heard about the None Co-operation Movement had by Gandhijee in South Africa met and apprised him about miserable plight of indigo Cultivators in the Champaran District. He persuaded him to visit the district. Almost at same time;The Indian Nation congress in December ,1916 passed at Lucknow a resolution for requesting Government to appoint a committcd of both officials and non-officials to enquire into the agrarian trouble facing the district.

Gandhijee paid historic visit to Champaran. His visit was stoutly opposed by the British rulers. An order asking him to leave Champaran was served upon him as soon as he arrived at Motihari. Gandhijee defied the order of the several prominent persons who rallied round him mention may be made of Dr .Rajendra Prasad Acharya Kriplani ,Mahadeo Desai, C.F. Andrews, H.S.Pollock, Anugrah Narayan Singh, Raj Kishore Prasad, Ram Nawami Prasad and Dharnidhar Prasad after considerable struggle Govt. was compelled to lift the ban on Gandhi’s stay here for he first time on Indian soil Satyagarh, was successfully put to test. Eventually, a committee of enquiry was appointed by the Govt. under the chairmanship of Sri Frank shy, Gandhijee was also made one of the member of the committee. On the basis of vauled a recommendations of the committee, the Champaran Agraria low (Bihar and Orissa Act I of 1918) was passed. In course of time, the development of synthetic dyes made the cultivation of indigo redundant.

In 1920,Gandhijee made an extensive tour of Bihar before launching the non-co-operation movement, which earned full support in the district as well. In 1929 a group of volunteers from Champran district came to demonstrate a against the Simon commission in the same year the 21st session of the Bihar students conference was held at Motihari. As a reaction against the failure of Round table conference held in 1932 there was popular gathering at Motihari to take pledge for Independence. Police lathi charge and fired upon the gatherings. people of Champaran will be remember for their active and significant participation in the National movement.

Motihari :East Champaran

2009-12-02T20:11:00.000-08:00

Champarn District was created in 1866 which was subsequently split up Into two districts, viz. Purbi Champaran and Paschim Champaran on 1st of December 1971. The headquarter of Purbi Champaran district is at Motihari . Presently East Champaran consists of Six Subdivisions and Twenty Seven Blocks. Nepal makes its northern boundary, Sitamadhi and Sheohar eastern while Muzaffarpur South and with part of Gopalganj bounds it in western side.

Muzaffarpur Ki Lichi

2009-11-27T22:25:00.001-08:00

Bihar did it 20 times more and edged out Pakistan from the record book.

2009-11-16T02:15:00.000-08:00

An IAS officer of Bihar cadre created history of sorts by planting nearly 1 crore saplings in a single day.

The Guinness Book of World Records has registered plantation of 5,41,176 saplings on July 15 this year in Pakistan. Bihar did it 20 times more and edged out Pakistan from the record book.

The man behind the mission is Tirhut Commissioner SM Raju, who hails from Karnataka and is an agriculture graduate.

“I’ve been nursing a dream to plant 1 crore saplings in a single day for two years. I achieved this goal through active cooperation of village panchayats and mukhias of my division,” Raju told The Pioneer.

The IAS officer had to engage 3 lakh people from 8,463 panchayats and 7,500 villages of six districts of Tirhut division. “We planted the 96,19,870 saplings under the rural job scheme NREG,” said an ebullient Raju.

He said though he had been planning for this day for two years, when he got the news of Pakistan’s Environment Ministry getting the Guinness certification, he decided to beat their record as soon as possible.

“I discussed my idea with the Bihar Chief Secretary and with the blessings of Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, I plunged into this mission and ultimately succeeded,” said the IAS officer.

“With groups of four families each planting 200 trees; now they must protect the saplings for three years, till the plants grow sturdy. During this period, they will be paid 100 days a year,” Raju said.

He has charted out a blueprint to protect the planted trees and to provide job to villagers simultaneously through his mission.

“Since Tirhut region in north Bihar is a flood-prone area, mukhias here find themselves unable to provide jobs to poor villagers throughout the year. So I’ve engaged them into this programme,” Raju said.

The workers will get the full pay of about Rs 102 under the rural job scheme if they can ensure the survival of 90 per cent of the plants under their care. For a 75-80 per cent survival rate, they will be paid only half the wage. If the survival rate is less than 75 per cent, the families in the group will be replaced.

This Greenathon mission of the IAS officer has given fresh lease of life to the villagers of north Bihar. “We had never thought we would get employment at this age under this scheme. We’re very happy and thanking Raju Saheb”, said the villagers of Tirhut.

If the locals are to be believed the villagers of Tirhut have vowed to protect the trees at any cost and they’re taking constant vigil to the planted saplings.

“They seem to feel as if the trees they are protecting belong to them,” Raju said.

The non-fruit trees like neem, jamun, gulmohar and peepal have been planted along the state and national highways while the fruit-bearing saplings such as the guava, mango, litchi, lemon and amla were planted in the villages.

Raju explained that this tree plantation mission was going to serve the society in many ways. It will promote social forestry in flood-affected areas of north Bihar.

A total sum of Rs 700 crore would be spent on this scheme in three years, said Raju, who was also actively associated with the Chief Minister’s much-praised Vikas Yatra.

Now, a beaming and confident Raju hopes to get his mission and the name of the State reflected in The Guinness Book.

“Yes, I do hope that they would consider my effort and even the whole society would appreciate my move,” said Raju.

Muzaffarpur:Places of Interest

2008-08-05T03:23:00.000-07:00

Ambara Chowk:About 40-kms from Muzaffarpur, Ambara Chowk is situated in Saraiya Block on the Muzaffarpur - Rewa road. It is believed to be the home village of Amrapali, the famous Nagarvadhu (courtesan) of Vaishali.

Katra Garh: is situated nearly 35-kms northeast of Muzaffarpur. Katra Garh was one of the states of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar. It was then named as Akbarpur. Several idols, ornaments, earthen pots and other articles of historical importance have been found here in course of excavations.

Khudi Ram Bose Memorial:A memorial tablet has been raised in the memory of Khudi Ram Bose who was executed at Muzaffarpur Jail in the year 1908 on the charge of throwing a bomb on Kingsford, the then British District & Sessions Judge of Muzaffarpur. The memorial tablet is situated opposite the present residence of the District and Sessions Judge.

Rajkhand:It is situated about 5-kms from headquarters of the Aurai block on Aurai-Saidpur road. There is an old temple of Bhairav Nath. A big cattle fair is held here every year on the occasion of Shivaratri festival.

Vrijjian Republic

2008-08-05T03:18:00.000-07:00

The name has been derived after the name of its principal city, Muzaffarpur. The recorded history of this district dates back to the rise of the Vrijjian Republic, which replaced the Videhan monarchy. The center of power also shifted from Mithila to Vaishali, the capital of the Republic, which is identified with the modern Basarh in Hazipur Subdivision. The Vrijjian Republic was confederation of eight clans of which the Lichchavis were the most important. They gradually gained strength and came in conflict with the powerful kingdom of Magadh. Bimbisar (Circa 519 B.C.), the founder of Magadh Empire, had secured his position by concluding matrimonial alliances with the neighboring Estates of the Koshalas and the Lichchavis. But after his son Ajatshatru assassinated him, Vaishali was invaded and Ajatshatru extended his sway over Tirhut. It was at this time that the foundation of Pataliputra was laid at the village Patali on the banks of the river Ganges. Ajatshatru built a fortress here to keep watch over the Lichchavis on the northern side of the river Ganges. During Hiuen Tsang’s visit, Muzaffarpur was under the control of Harsha, a powerful sovereign of North India (606-647 A.D.). After his death, the district passed on to the local chiefs. In the 8th century A.D. Gopala, the first of the Pala kings, became the ruler of the Bengal. He extended his authority over Bihar in about 750 A.D. The Palas continued to have their hold over Tirhut until 1019 A.D. when the Chedi kings of Central India established their sway. The rulers of the Sena dynasty replaced them towards the close of the 11th century. Mithila became the northwestern province of their kingdom. Lakshman Sena was a powerful king of this dynasty.

His reign is still commemorated in some parts of North Bihar by the use of the Lakshman Sena era, the first year of which corresponds to 1119 - 20 A.D. Ghiasuddin Iwaz, the Governor of Bengal between 1211 and 1226, was the first Muslim invader in Tirhut. He subdued the Raja of Tirhut and extorted tributes from him. Iwaz, however, could not succeed in conquering the kingdom. It was only in 1323 that Ghiyasuddin Tughlak succeeded in establishing his sway over the district. The history of Muzaffarpur will not be complete without a reference to the Simraon dynasty, which was founded by one Nana or Nanupa Deva about the time Ghiasuddin Iwaz invaded Tirhut. Nana established himself at Simraon in the northeast part of Champaran and eventually succeeded in extending his power over the whole of Mithila and Nepal. It is said that one of his sons ruled over Nepal, while another, Ganga Deva, reined over Mithila. He is considered to be the first to have constituted fiscal divisions for revenue administration in Bihar. His kingdom was split up into Parganas, which in turn comprised of several Panchayats. Harasimha Deva; grandson of Rama Simha Deva was the last king of the dynasty. It was during his regime that Tughlak Shah invaded Tirhut in 1323. He seized the fort of the king who fled away to Nepal. With the flight of Harasimha Deva, the Muslim emperors of Delhi gained control over the territory. Though sovereignty had passed on to the Muslims, the Hindu chiefs enjoyed complete autonomy and their possessions remained undisturbed. The victory of the English in 1764 in the battle of Buxar gave them control over the whole of Bihar. After establishing their authority, the English took steps to strengthen their hold in course of time. They emerged as ruler and succeeded in subduing the entire district. Nationalist movement in the Muzaffarpur district in the period after the First World War stimulated the political awakening in the country also. The congress gave a call for non-cooperation with the Government in all matters. The visit of Mahatma Gandhi to Muzaffarpur in December 1920 and again in January 1927 had immense effect in arousing the latent feelings of the people. When the country became independent on the 15th August 1947, the occasion was celebrated with great enthusiasm at Muzaffarpur. In present days the district forms part of the North Bihar plains and is located centrally in Tirhut Division well connected by good roads with rest of the country and neighboring Kingdom of Nepal.

Bihar litchi exports zoom

2008-05-20T02:18:00.000-07:00

The lip-smacking, juicy litchi fruit, which makes summer a shade more tolerable, is also responsible for helping script a rare success story from what’s dismissed as the state of despair, Bihar.
Bihar’s litchi exports are up, up and away: this year, it shipped out 210 tonnes of the fruit—fresh as well as processed—against just 30 tonnes last year. Bihar also exported superior quality litchis worth $10 million to the European Union and West Asia this year, according to the Bihar State Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited (Comfed), the nodal agency for litchi exports in the state. ‘‘Indian litchis are superior to the ones grown outside,’’ said Arunish Chawla, managing director of Comfed. ‘‘We are looking at the possibility of $10 billion worth of exports in the long run.’’
Chawla attributes this winning streak to a network which ensured the luscious fruit’s smooth passage from orchards in northern Bihar to the EU, West Asia and Nepal. ‘‘We have managed to fill the gaps in the network. There’s the Apeda (Agro-Processing Export Development Agency) at the national level, Comfed at state and farmers and entrepreneurs on the ground. Exports have gone up because of a good network from the local level to the international market.’’
After Comfed made a presentation in New Delhi, it was chosen as the country’s nodal agency because of its network and marketing expertise. A French agronomist, Christian Didier, was flown down for his expert opinion. Didier suggested ways of competing in the national market by improving the fruit’s yield. He also gave the litchis international certification, after which the fresh fruit and pulp were exported through Comfed’s network.
Comfed is already looking ahead: farmers have been supplied a monthly schedule of dos and don’ts. And two nurseries have been opened: the National Litchi Research Centre at Muzzafarpur and Pusa Agricultural University at Samastipur, where research on harvesting techniques and on planting new varieties will be conducted.

Encashing litchi

2008-05-20T02:09:00.000-07:00

The potential of litchi in India is unexploited so far. Huge price disparities exist between the returns that the producers get and the actual selling price.

Fruits are grown in an area of over 3.83 million ha in India, contributing to an annual production of around 46.04 million tonnes. A select set of fruits like mango and grapes dominate the domestic and export trade. This can be attributed to numerous factors including research and development efforts, production technologies, infrastructure and institutional support extended by the government policy and cooperation among cultivators. Absence or underplay of similar institutional and infrastructure facilities for a number of other fruits having similar production advantage is responsible for impeding the diversification of the Indian export fruit basket. Litchi is one such fruit, which is widely grown in the foothills of the Himalayas and has a vast untapped potential in the domestic and global market. It offers immense scope to boost exports, through appropriate institutional support.India is the second largest producer of litchi, both in terms of quality and yield. Cultivated over an area of 56,400 ha, the fruits production in the country has been increasing at over nine per cent annually. This growth rate is marginal compared to other producing countries like China, Thailand and Australia.In comparison to other fruits, litchi ranks seventh in area and ninth in production but is sixth in terms of value, in India. Litchi flourishes well in regions with moist atmosphere, abundant rainfall and freedom from frost during winters and loo during summers. It is cultivated in the sub-tropical foothills of Himalayas in Bihar, Tripura, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana. Bihar holds the largest area under litchi cultivation with 26,000 ha (over 46 per cent of the total area) and accounts for more than 74 per cent of the total production in the country. West Bengal stands second in terms of production at 36,000 tonnes.An interesting feature of Litchi distribution in India is its cascading production pattern commencing from the east, and spreading to the west. Litchi production commences during the first week of May in Tripura, while Litchi in Bihar matures by the third week of May and continues up to the first week of June. Litchi in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab is ready for harvest during the 2-3rd week of June, while in Himachal it comes to harvest by the last week of June, thereby extending the total season of its availability to over two months in a year.

Economics of litchi cultivation

Litchi forms an important component of the home gardens segment where minimal maintenance is accorded to trees. It contributes to more than 60 per cent of the income accruing from home gardens countrywide, and ranges from Rs 2,500 to Rs 20, 000 per annum. A commercial litchi orchard normally has around 100 plants in a hectare. The cost of establishment of a commercial orchard, from planting till first viable harvest is Rs 22,043/ha that includes the cost of plants, land preparation, application of manures and fertilisers (Table 1). Though the orchard may get some yield in the second year itself, economic yield starts only from the third year, hence the establishment costs include the cost of maintaining the tree up to the beginning of the third year.
Marketing and profitability.

BIf growers do not intend to market their litchi harvest, the itchi orchards are given away on Pre- Harvest Contract (PHC) during the month of January. The fruit is sold through a PHC to the wholesale or commission agent, who undertakes the harvesting and packing, in addition to transporting the produce to the market.
The main channels of marketing for litchi include:
m Producer – PHC – wholesaler/commission agent (distant market) – stockists – retailers – consumers -m Producer – wholesaler/commission agent (distant market) – stockists – retailers – consumers (self-marketing)- m Producer – village level agent – commission agent – stockists – retailers – consumers
More than 65 per cent of growers prefer sale through PHC. About 20 per cent undertake self-marketing. The cost of marketing when sold in the distant markets is approximately Rs 41,400/ha (79 per cent of the total cost) and the growers can realise up to Rs 47,595 as net return, which is only Rs 29,800 in case of field sale through PHC. However, in terms of overall profitability, sale through PHC is preferred due to the high benefit to cost ratio of 5.81. On the other hand, self-marketing in the distant domestic market is more profitable with higher net gain of over Rs 7.94/kg, but is also costly due to high cost of marketing. Absence of price information and marketing credit are the constraints in self-marketing. Huge gardens involving high marketing expenditure, long distance transportation to main market centres away from production areas, and absence of market regulation and exploitative marketing practices by market intermediaries are other important factors impeding self-marketing.
The Pre-Harvest Contractor or the commission agent makes the maximum margin in litchi marketing, as he only performs a transfer function without involving any other cost. The stockists in litchi sale adopt the undercover system and realise higher margins. The retailers are the second market intermediaries who realise a margin of 20 per cent in the consumers price. The overall price spread in litchi trade is observed to be around Rs 49.5 per kg and works out to over 82 per cent. In case the grower undertakes self- marketing, the price spread is approximately Rs 40 per kg.
Processing and export prospectsDue to a very short production season of around two months in a year, market gluts and over supply leading to distress sale are frequent happenings in litchi trade. Diverting a part of the produce towards processing is a safe solution to the problem and is successfully adopted in other fruits like grape.
India’s share in litchi exports
India’s share in litchi exportsLitchi is in demand both in fresh as well as in processed form. Estimates show that, annually over 100,000 tonnes of litchi is traded internationally.

Litchi Varieties

2008-05-20T02:00:00.000-07:00

Shahi Litchi :This is one of the commercial cultivar cultivated for table purpose in Muzaffarpur area of Bihar, which matures, in the third week of May. Fruits are oval and oblong conical in shape and crimson-red tubercles appear on uranium-green background at maturity. It is heavy bearing variety with large fruits and average yield of 90-100kg/tree.

Swarna Roopa :It is a selection in litchi identified and released by CHES, Ranchi with high T.S.S and resistant to fruit cracking. This is the first variety developed in India.
China :It is commercially cultivated for table purpose in Muzaffarpur area of Bihar. It is a semi-dwarf variety with fruits ripening from the third week of May. Average yield is 80-100 kg/tree. Fruits are mediumlarge,globose, with a mixture of red and orange colour.
Kasba :It is mostly grown in eastern part of Bihar. Fruits medium-large, heart-shaped with red tubercles on reddish background at maturity. It ripens during the first week of June. Average yield is 80/100 kg/tree.
Elachi :The tree is moderately vigorous, attaining an average height of 5 to 6 m and spread of 6-7 m. Fruits areconical and orange-red in colour. The variety is cultivated for table purpose with an average yield of 50-60 kg/tree.
Purbi :It is mostly grown for table purpose in eastern part of Bihar. Fruits are medium-large, oblong-conical in shape, which ripen at the end of May or first week of June. At maturity red tubercles appear on pinkish brown background. The average yield is 90-100 kg/tree.
Early Seedless (Syn. Early Bedana) :It is the earliest variety and is mainly grown for table purpose and processing in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. It is a medium to poor-yielding variety but bears regularly. The yield of fruit varies from 50-60 kg/tree. Fruits are small to medium in size, heart to oval in shape with carmine red tubercles at maturity. Pulp is creamy white with T.S.S. 19.8%. Overall fruit quality is good.
Rose Scented :It is commercially cultivated for table purpose in Muzaffarpur area of Bihar. Besides high fruit quality, it is famous for distinct rose aroma and hence called Rose Scented. It is a mid-season variety that starts ripening in the first week of June. Average yield is around 80-90 kg/tree. Fruits are medium to large in shape mostly oval or heart shaped and deep rose pink in colour. Pulp greyish white soft moderately juicy with T.S.S. 20%. The average yield varies between 80-90kg/tree.
Bombai :This is an important commercial variety cultivated for table purpose in West Bengal. It ripens during first to second week of May. The trees are vigorous and attain an average height of 6.7 m and spread 7-8 m. Average yield is 80-90 kg/tree. Fruits are large in size, mostly obliquely heart-shaped colour at maturity with carmine red tubercles on uranium-green background. In this variety each developed fruit has another tiny under-developed fruit attached to the fruit stalk. Pulp is greyish-white, soft juicy with T.S.S. 17%.
Calcutta (Syn. Kalkattia) :It is the best of all the varieties grown in northern parts of India for table purpose. It can be successfully cultivated even in hotter areas provided there is protection from strong hot winds and provision for plenty of water for irrigation. The average yield is 80-100 kg/tree. It is a late season variety and the fruits ripen in the last week of June. Trees of this variety attain an average height of 4m and spread of 6 m.Fruits are large in size, oblong, with tyrian rose colour and dark tubercles at maturity. Pulp is dirty creamy white, soft, juicy, very sweet with T.S.S. 18.17%.
Late Seedless (Syn. Late Bedana) :This variety is not completely devoid of seed but it is rather shrivelled and small in size. It can be successfully cultivated even in hotter areas provided there is protection from strong hot winds and provision for plenty of water for irrigation. The trees of this variety are very vigorous and attain an average height of 5.5 m and spread of 7.0m. It is a late season variety and fruits usually ripen in the third week of June, The average yield is 80-100 kg/ tree. Fruits are medium to large in size, conical in shape, colour at maturity vermilion to carmine with dark-blackish brown tubercles. Pulp is creamy- white, soft,juicy with T.S.S. 20% Overall quality is very good. It is cultivated for table and processing purpose.
Dehra Dun :This variety is mainly grown for table purpose in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. In Bihar, it is cultivated under the name of 'Dehra-Rose'. It is a late-season variety and fruits start ripening in third week of June. Fruit yield is 80-90 kg/tree. Trees are medium in size attaining a height of 5 m and spread of 7 m.Fruits are medium in size, obliquely heart-shaped to conical, colour at maturity bright rose pink. Pulp is greyish-white, soft moderately juicy with T.S.S. 17%. This variety is highly susceptible to sunburn and cracking.
Gulabi (Syn. Sre no.4) :This is another important variety cultivated for table purpose in north India. It is a late-season variety and fruit ripens in fourth week of June. It bears profusely and regularly with 90-100 kg fruits/tree. Trees attain a height of 6.0 m and spread of 7.0 m. Fruits are medium in size, oblong-oval heart-shaped,mandarin red tubercles appear on shrimp red to carmine red background at maturity. Pulp is greyish white, firm sweet with T.S.S. 18.2%.
Late Large Red (Syn. Muzaffarpur) :It is one of the important litchi varieties mainly grown in Bihar and its adjacent states. This variety bears profusely every year with an average yield of 80-100 kg/tree. Fruits are large in size, oval or oblongconical with crimson red tubercles. Pulp greyish white. Soft moderately juicy with T. S. S. 20.3%.
Exotic Varieties
China
'No Mai Tsze', 'Kwa Iuk' , 'Kwai mi' , 'Hsiang li', 'Hsi Chio tsu', 'Hak ip', 'Feitsu hsiao', 'Sheung shu
wai', 'Ch'u ma lsu', 'Ta tsao', 'Huai chih', 'San yueh hung', 'Pai la li chih', 'Shan chi'.
Germany
Mauritius, Maclean, Brewster, Haak Yip

National Research Centre On Lichi At Muzaffarpur

2008-05-20T01:56:00.001-07:00

Pink, Brown litchies with green leaves around them presenting a spectacular view bewitching individuals of all ages have now grasped the much needed attention of Central government to enrich its variety, increase productivity, prolong its harvest period and to provide remunerative price to the farmers.
The National Research Centre on Litchi at Mujaffarpur set up by Indian Council of Agricultural Research on June 6, 2001 conduct mission mode basic and applied research for enhancing the profit of litchi growers by evolving improved varieties, developing better production technologies, integrated pest management and post harvest management. An All India Litchi show Was organized Mujaffarpur which exposed the farmers to newer and better varieties and technologies. India has good potential for its cultivation in the country and a large market.
Litchi with big domestic and export market suffers from problem of very short harvesting period. It also suffers from high post harvest losses upto 50 percent due to non-availability of suitable post harvest technology and standard packaging. Disappearance of natural pink colour of the fruits by the time they reach distant market is another significant problem.
The crop with high potential of area expansion in India and earning foreign exchange is presently grown in about 60,000 hectares in Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. Bihar, however, tops the tally with more than 60 per cent of the total production. In 1998-99 total litchi production in the country was 4,28,900 million tonnes with 63.8 per cent coming from Bihar. There is tremendous scope for expansion in the foot hills of Himalaya's, tarai belt, coastal region of western ghats and submountainous region in Southern Peninsula. The major litchi importing countries from India are Netherlands, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Canada, Russia and Yemen.
The succulent fruit, a part of Indian homes in summer, is not native to India. It originated in South China where it is known as 'Li chih' but its average yield of 7.6 million tonnes per ha. In India is the highest in the world. The main commercial varieties of litchi grown in India are Shahi, Chiana, Dahra Rose, Badana, Longia, Elaichi and Muzaffarpur. The economic bearing life of a litchi tree is more than 100 years which surpasses to majority of other commercial fruit trees. The Asia Pacific Region accounts from 95 per cent of the world's production. China is the largest producer of litchi followed by India. Thailand, Australia and Vietnam, South Africa, Madagascar and Florida in the United States are some other areas where litchi is cultivated.
Besides the juicy fruit, various products obtained include squash and juice, canned litchi, litchi fig or nut (dried litchi) and litchi pickle.

Bihar government to provide litchi farmers with mobile fridges

2008-05-20T01:54:00.000-07:00

Bihar is giving its litchi farmers facilities to store, process and transport the succulent fruit with the hope of doubling exports to over 200 tonnes this summer. The state government will provide the farmers with mobile refrigerator vans and cold storage facilities, said APEDA officials. Each van has a five-tonne capacity. Litchi is cultivated in about 60,000 hectares in the country and Bihar contributes 74% of the total produce, mainly from Muzaffarpur district. According to the National Horticulture Board, country’s total litchi production in ‘98-99 was 428.900m tonnes. Due to the absence of adequate cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport, hardly 1% of litchi farmers in Bihar exports their produce. A team of experts from Kolkata suggested setting up pre-cooling and sulphur treatment facilities in existing cold storage plants to prevent waste. It also recommended opening some new cold storage facilities. The Centre is to provide concessions on export and excise duties to litchi products from the export zone. The Bihar government has also sanctioned the provision of 67 acres for a litchi research centre near Muzaffarpur under the litchi export zone programme. The centre would develop and grow new strains of high yield litchi seeds for supply to farmers at subsidised rates.

Litchi :Exotic fruit of India

2008-05-20T01:52:00.000-07:00

Litchi is very delicious and exotic fruit of India. The prime production area is Muzaffarpur having f varieties of Litchi such as, Shahi , China , Rose scented, Purvi, Kasba , Mandraji , Late Bedana. Shahi Litchi occupies very important commercial viability followed by China. Rests of the varieties either being local as well as a small quantity do not suit to commercial activities. Litchi is a unique type of fruit having an Ariel as its edible, fleshy part. The size of the fruit is of plump type and the skin of the fruit is rough and uneven. The outer skin of the Litchi fruit is pinkish red and inside, the edible pulp that is whitish and jelly like encloses a single glossy brown seed. The fleshy part is sweet and delicious.

It contains Fructose, Glucose, Sucrose and Malic acid. In addition to this, Litchi contains phosphorus, which is not found in any other fruit in the world. The action of the phosphorus in the human body is to activate the Brain

. The time of production of Litchi in India is of very short duration not more than a month in Muzaffarpur area.

Muzaffarpur:The Litchi District Of India

2008-05-20T01:46:00.000-07:00

India enjoys a prominent position in the litchi map of the world both in terms of production and productivity.

Over the years, India has recorded significant growth in production and productivity of litchi, though the trend is not consistent Both the Indian and world markets for litchi are fast expanding. During the Indian litchi season (May to July),good quality litchi is not available from other parts of the world except for Thailand (May and June) and Israel (July). In spite of these advantages, India has negligible share (less than 1%) in the world trade, with exports of 155 tonnes valued at Rs. 1.5 crore during 2000–01. As of now, the major mode of marketing of litchi in India is through interstate trade.

Presently Muzaffarpur, renowned as the litchi district of India has a share of 64 % of the litchi trade in the country. The stake of the district in litchi trade is expected to touch 1.5 lakh T by 2012. In view of its prominence in Indian litchi trade, both in terms of quantity and quality,an analysis of the marketing aspects of Muzaffarpur litchi is depicted in the following sections.

Prevailing system of litchi trade

Litchi growers of Muzaffarpur sell the standing crop to pre-harvest contractors at flowering stage for a year

or more. In certain cases, the crop is leased out to preharvest contractors for 2-3 years. The crop contractors

negotiate and settle the price to be paid and the terms and conditions of payment directly with the growers.

Most of the produce is sold through this mode.The pre-harvest contractors have a clear picture of the yield potential of the orchard as a whole and performance level of individual trees in the orchard. The price offered on a per tree basis varies according to the age category. i.e.,.a tree in its prime bearing stage (10 to 30 years) with an annual yield of 100 Kg fetches Rs. 500 per year from pre-harvest contract whereas the rate for trees in the early bearing period (5 to 10 years) is Rs. 300 per tree per year.. Harvesting of fruits is done by the contractor.The farmers receive 50 per cent of the settled price in advance (at the point of firming up deal) and the rest at the time of harvest. Harvesting, sorting, packaging are done in the farms by the contractor. Loading the truck for transport to distant cities is done at the farm gate itself.

The pre-harvest contract system prevailing in the district has an impact on the health and life of the litchi orchards. In the case of pre-harvest contract arrived at leaf or flowering stage, and valid only for that year, the owners are responsible for cultural operations except for spray against fruit fly carried out by the contractor. However,the cost incurred, on this count would be deducted by the contractor from the final settlement. In cases where the contract is for 2 to 3 years, though the contractor is responsible for all operations, he works with a short term, profit motive in mind and does not care much for the upkeep of the orchard. Contractors are not keen on investing in the orchard as they are not sure of continuing the contract during the next term. Most of such orchards,belong to absentee land lords and suffer in the long run.Further, if the orchard owner is not present, harvesters may damage the twigs and branches while harvesting causing harm in the long run.

Commodity movement

Pre-harvest contractors market over 90 per cent of litchi produced in Muzaffarpur. Most of the pre-harvest

contractors are commission agents of wholesale merchants in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, etc. Some of them are financed by wholesale fruit merchants and are obliged to sell the fruits to their financiers.The pre-harvest contractors directly supply the commodity to the local processing units and export houses located in the district. Some of the established processing units and export houses in the district directly purchase the orchards from growers by making advance payments.The commission agents and wholesale merchants play

a greater role in the distribution of the produce after purchasing it from the pre-harvest contractors. They

forward the produce to important cities in the country.At the terminal market, agents who operate on

commission basis arrange to sell the produce. The daily arrivals at terminal markets are sold either by auction

or through negotiations.

Litchi:the costliest fruit in the world

2008-05-20T01:36:00.000-07:00

According to a recent survey report of a senior scientist of Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bangalore,Litchi grown over one acre of land in Muzaffarpur can be sold at a minimum price of Rs 10 lakh in UK. The horticulture scientist has claimed in her comprehensive report that being the costliest fruit in the world, fresh litchi is sold at the rate of Rs 500 to Rs 1200 per kg in different parts of the globe. Under commercial farming in Muzaffarpur, 50 kgs of shahi litchi is produced from every developed tree on an average. Normally 40 litchi trees are grown in one acre. If the production of one tree is sold at the rate of even Rs 500 per kg, it might fetch Rs 25,000 and from 40 trees the total return might be Rs 10 lakh. This is like a dream for a litchi grower of Muzaffarpur as they sold litchi at the rate of only Rs 5 per kg last year and the situation has not changed this year too. The rate of Muzaffarpur litchi is decided garden-wise during pre-harvest period by contractors and commission agents mainly from UP and Delhi. Whereas the growers get Rs 5 for one kg on an average, a consumer of Delhi and other distant places of the country has to pay up to Rs 49 for the same. It is only the farmers who are at loss. Lack of cool chain system, refrigerated vans and cargo planes has deprived local growers. Government assurances in the past has been nothing but lip service to them. To expect export of even 50 per cent of total produce has remained a distant dream for growers. They have failed to tap even the national markets of the south. Litchi growers Bholanath Jha and Heera Singh said that litchi is grown over 26000 hectares in Bihar and the total production comes to around 3 lakh tonnes every year. Even if one lakh tonne is properly exported, a sum of Rs 500 crore can be earned every year from Bihar alone. Sudha Mysore has claimed in her report that India enjoys the status of being the second largest litchi producer after China but its market share in the world is only 1 per cent because of transport problems and lack of government support. Global trade of litchi is dominated by South Africa and Thailand where it is harvested for a longer and varied duration in comparison to only 25 days of May-June in India. Her survey indicates that a vast market of European Union is still untapped for Indian litchi. The harvest season of Muzaffarpur litchi is to start from May 20 onward. The fruit is growing fast. The cloudy weather and delay in the onset of Westerly winds have already damaged the crop specially China variety upto 25 per cent. Still, the prospect is not to bad, according to a farmer. Big farmers have invested enough money on insecticide spray and irrigation. Purchasers from UP have started visiting gardens and bargains are on. But government agencies, still engaged in election duty are yet to meet and solve problems of the farmers.

shahi litchi

2008-05-20T01:33:00.000-07:00

The famous shahi litchi of Muzaffarpur could become an exclusive brand
of Bihar soon. The state is moving to claim the brand name under intellectual property rights (IPR) laws.Once the Bihar government gets exclusive rights to the brand name, no one else will be able to use it to market shahi litchis in India or abroad. Buyers anywhere will know that a litchi with this brand name has to be one of the famous litchis of Muzaffarpur.Officials in the horticulture department are preparing documents under the Geographical Indications clause of IPR laws to prove their case that the shahi litchi is unique and that it grows only in Muzaffarpur.They expect that registration of the brand name will benefit farmers, who will gain access to more markets and get better prices.About 70 percent of all litchis produced in India are grown in Bihar. The number of farmers in the state growing litchis has increased in the last decade, especially in Muzaffarpur district.But in a recent report, the World Bank noted that litchis good enough for export were being grown in only about 10 percent of the 2,000-odd orchards in Muzaffarpur. Countries that import litchis from India include the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Canada, Russia and Yemen.

IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NOS.

2008-05-20T00:24:00.000-07:00

IMPORTANT TELEPHONE No.S
STD CODE : 0621

OFFICERS
OFFICE
RESIDENCE
COMMISSIONER (TIRHUT DIV)
2212103
2212104
DIST. SESSION JUDGE
2212260
2214050
DISTRICT MAGISTRATE
2212101
2212105
D.D.C.
2213479
2212932
ADL. COLLECTOR
2212342
2242264
DIRECTOR DRDA
2214055
2244157
D.I.O.(NIC)
2215680,2212530,2212531
2276244
N.D.C.

2272411
DY. COLLECTOR(CONFIDEN.)

2249522
S.D.O. (East)
2217359
2242409
S.D.O. (West)
2216374
2243443
D.C.L.R. East

2240170
D.P.R.O.
2213318

D.D.O.
2212377
2227131
ATTAMA OFFICE
2221446

TREASURY OFFICE
2221673

ADMINIS. NAGAR NIGAM
2212116
2247137
SUB-REGISTRAR
2244247

SECRETORARY TO COMM.
2212972
2213134
CIVIL SURGEON
2245030
2243709
S.K.M.CH. (SUPRITENDENT)
2221495

S.K.M.C.H. (Dy. SUPRITENDENT)
2261694

RED CROSS SECRETORY
2215036
2246242
M.D. CO-OPERATIVE BANK
2212590

M.D. SUDHA DAIRY
2261655
2241793
JOINT COMM. (SALE-TAX)
2215603
2245605
DY. JOINT COMMISSIONER "
2216448

DY. JOINT COMMISS( LABOUR)
2247269

V/C ( BIHAR UNIVERSITY)
2243071

SECRETORARY
2243071

EXAMINATION CONTROLLER

2243438
M.I.T.
2261133
2262621
POLYTECHNIC
2247675-2244531

TELEPHONE MANAGER
2240999

T.D.M.
2241000-2242000

D.E.T.
2242500

AUTO EXCHANGE
2215544

TRUCK EXCHANGE
2215545

DIST. SUB-REGISTRAR
2214247

REGISTRAR CIVIL COURT
2214041

CIRCUIT HOUSE
2215109

DIST. TRANSPORT OFFICE
2218268, 2216124

BLOCKS TELEPHONE NO.

B.D.O. MUSHAHARI

2246114
B.D.O. SAKRA
2293233

B.D.O. MURAUL
2293229

B.D.O. MOTIPUR
234216
234217
B.D.O. KANTI
2366202
2336220
B.D.O. KURHANI
2816281
2816210
B.D.O. SARAIYA
255201

B.D.O. SAHEBGANJ
274626

B.D.O. PAROO
254202

B.D.O. AURAI

B.D.O. GAIGHAT
2825212

B.D.O. MARWAN
252224

POLICE

OFFICERS
OFFICE
RESIDENCE
A.D.G.P.
2217666
2214444
D.I.G. (TIRHUT DIVISION)
2212136
2242139
D.I.G. (C.R.P.F.)
2245575
2241522
S.P. MUZAFFARPUR
2217797
2212119
S.R.P. MUZAFFARPUR
2213064
2242759
A.S.P.

2261362
D.S.P. HQ.
2217797
2245226
D.S.P. TOWN
2245126
2261362
P.I.R.
2216275

POLICE LINE
2261110

TOWN THANA
100/2245252

KAZI MOHAMMADPUR THANA
2245139

MITHANPURA THANA
2285573

BRAHAMPURA THANA
2261669

AHIYAPUR THANA
2221544

SADAR THANA
2251107

ENGG. DEPARTMENT

OFFICERS
OFFICE
RESIDENCE
CHIEF ENG. (GANDAK KAMAN)
2242367

CHIEF ENG. (ELECTRIC DEPT.)
2244396

EXE. ENG. R.E.O. MUZ.
2212365

EXE. ENG. P.H.E.D. MUZ.
2212445
2249712
EXE. ENG. BUILDING DIV. MUZ.
2217211
2240550
EXE. ENG. P.W.D. ROAD-1 MUZ.
2266316

EXE. ENG. P.W.D. ROAD-2 MUZ.
2214637

DOCTOR'S

NAME OF DOCTOR'S
CLINIC
RESIDENCE
DR. ANJANI KUMAR AGARWAL
2244086
2244873
DR. B B. MUKHARJEE

2245430
DR. B.B. THAKUR
2242585
2245686
DR. B.N. JHA
2283265

DR. C.M.JHA
2244645
2243736
DR. KAMLESH TIWARI
2242929
2243164
DR. S.K. SARANGI

2241219
DR. S.K. SINHA
2245036
2240974
DR. TARUN KUMAR SINGH
2268571

DR. T .K. JHA
2261283
2260525
SURGEON
DR. A.M. DAS
2260725

DR. BHARTENDU KUMAR
2261262
2261125
DR. K.K.P.SINGH
2242929
2243164
DR. K. K. ROY
2244207
2244955
DR. R.K. TONDON
2247533
2242800
DR. RAJEEV BHUSHAN SINHA
2247011
2244707
DR. RAJEEV RANJAN SINHA

2243280
DR. S.M. HAIDER

2242148
ORTHO SURGEON
DR. DHIRENDRA KUMAR
2246677
2260727
DR. P.C. VERMA
2244210
2247166
DR. RADAN RANJAN

2243505
DR. R.R.VERMA
2242626
2245671
DR. UPENDRA PRASAD

2240507
CHILD SPECILIST
DR. AJIT SHARAN
2247243
2247343
DR. ARUN SAH
2242691
2246991
DR. BRAJ MOHAN
2245452
2261443
DR. RAM UDAY SINHA
2212908
2261766
DR. RAJEEV KUMAR
2246309
2260694
DR. RAM GOPAL JAIN
2246744
2261480
DR. S.N. JAISWAL
2242872
2261672
EYE & EAR SPECILIST
DR. ANIL GINODIA
2268580
2266979
DR. ARUN KUMAR SINHA
2244543
2243176
DR. A.K.VOHRA

2242253
DR. B.L.SINGHANIA
2247465
2245670
DR. R.D.KUMAR
2245551
2244000
DR. R.N.JHA

2240888
DR. SP.SINHA
2240312

GYNAECOLOGIST
DR. SMT. ABHA SINHA
2261575
2242435
DR. MRS. ANUPAM GUPTA

2243271
DR. SMT. ASHA SINHA
2246552
2245450
DR. BIMLA SANYAL
2247334
2247334
DR. SMT. MANJU JAISWAL

2261846
DR. PRABHA SINHA
2244697
2244697
DR. MRS. PREMA GUPTA
2243271
2243271
DR. SMT. PUSHPA SANYAL
2243683
2243683
DR. R.K.JHA
2244645
2243736
DR. SMT. RANGEELA SINHA
2245223
2261096
DR. VIDAYA SINHA
2242908
2247766

BANKS

STATE BANK OF INDIA
BRANCH MANAGER SUTAPATTI
2245016
BRANCH MANAGER MITHANPURA
2271930
BRANCH MANAGER B.U.COMPOUND
2245466
BRANCH MANAGER DAMUCHAK
2245246
BRANCH MANAGER GOLA ROAD
2245265
BRANCH MANAGER KALYANI
2245463
BRANCH MANAGER M.I.T.
2261321
BRANCH MANAGER MALIGHAT
2285758
BRANCH MANAGER AHIYAPUR
2221306
BRANCH MANAGER RAMNA
2276485
BRANCH MANAGER RED CROSS
2243826
BRANCH MANAGER CHANDWARA
2277647
BRANCH MANAGER PANKAJ MARKET
2245265
BRANCH MANAGER AAM GOLA
2244306
BRANCH MANAGER BELA
2270003
BRANCH MANAGER CLUB ROAD
2278524
ALLAHAABD BANK
REGIONAL MANAGER
2214372
SARAIYAGANJ BRANCH
2245057
KALYANI BRANCH
2248667
AKHARAGHAT BRANCH
2210879
DAMUCHAK BRANCH
2247625
SATPURA BRANCH
2242508
RAMBAGH BRANCH
2286078
BANK OF BARODA
REGIONAL MANAGER (OFF.)
2242508
REGIONAL MANAGER (RES.)
2242892
AKHARAGHAT
2247195
UMANAGAR
2211872
SUTAPATTI
2245420
PAHARPUR
2260660
CANARA BANK
BRANCH MANAGER (OFF.)
2245314
BRANCH MANAGER (RES.)
2247143
CHANDRALOK CHOWK
2245000
ZONAL OFFICE CLUB ROAD
2275512
KALAMBAGH ROAD
2242582
SARAIYAGANJ
2245120
AAMGOLA
2245100
CENTRAL BANK
JURAN CHHAPRA
2215167
R.D.S. COLLEGE BRANCH
2270244
SAHU ROAD
2246509
DAMODARPUR
2261193
MOTIJHEEL
2245007
POWER HOUSE CHOWK
2245958
CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANK
2212590
PANJAB NATIONAL BANK
REGIONAL MANAGER (OFF.)
2245013
REGIONAL MANAGER (RES.)
2243670
SR. BRANCH MANAGER JAIL ROAD
2242041
SR. BRANCH MANAGER J.LAL ROAD
2245362

COLLEGES

L.S.COLLEGE
2242261
M.D.D.M.COLLEGE
2245271
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
2242798
L.N.MISHRA BUSINESS
2243011
S.K.J.LAW COLLEGE
2243127
DR.R.M.LOHIYA COLLEGE
2243199
DR.J. MISHRA COLLEGE
2243589
L.P.SHAHI COLLEGE
2250371
M.P.SCIENCE COLLEGE
2262148
R.D.S.COLLEGE
2262148
R.S. COLLEGE
2242224
R.B.B.M. COLLEGE

M.S.K.B. COLLEGE
2218233
NITESHWAR SINGH

HOMEOPATHIC COLLEGE
2275555

SCHOOL

NORTH POINT CHILDREN'S SCHOOL
2242307
S.S.MEMORIAL SCHOOL
2240344
PATNA CENTRAL SCHOOL
2240383
SANT MARRY SCHOOL
2240508
SARASWATI SHISHU MANDIR
2242235
D.V.JAMIA MUSLIM EDU. SOCIETY
2242434
B.B.COLEGIATE MOTIJHEEL
2242986
ST.XV. JR. SCHOOL
2245085
PRABHATA TARA SCHOOL
2245767
DIST. INSPECTOR OF SCHOOL
2246974
CENTRAL SCHOOL
2247396
D.A.V. SCHOOL
2241470
D.A.V. SCHOOL
2271776
D.A.V. SCHOOL
2273827
SUNSHINE PREP SCHOOL
2275328
TIRHUT ACADEMY SCHOOL
2273079
RED ROSE CHILDREN'S ACADEMY
2240648
G.D.MOTHER SCHOOL

NEW DELHI NATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

PRESS/MEDIA

MUZAFFARPUR PRESS CLUB
2212195
HISDUSTAN
2246165
DAINIK JAGRAN
2248571
2247370
AAJ
2241200
THE TIMES OF INDIA
2245002
PRATAH KAMAL
2242633
2242644
PRABHAT KHABAR
2247410
QUAMI TANZEEM
2242079
HINDUSTAN TIMES

EXPORT SCENARIO OF LITCHI

2008-05-20T00:22:00.000-07:00

Litchi fruits produced by a fine quality cultivator rank among the world’s finest fruits. It fetches fancy price in the export markets in fresh as well as processed form. In 1981 Hong Kong imported 500 tones of litchi of which 80% came from China & remaining from Taiwan. 96 % of fruit enterd between June & July indicating that litchi is regarded as a summer crop through its harvesting season varies considerably. In southern hemisphare in countries like ( South Aferica & Australia) litchi is harvested during December-January. This fairly extend the availability of this fruit in the world market with two distinct seasons of availability.Singapore imports 90% of fruit from Taiwan & 10% from China. Australia has also entered into litchi export & is supplying the fruits to Singapore & other countries. The United Kingdom,France & The Fedral Republic Of Germany imported about 800 tones of litchi in 1984. The main source of supply were South Aferica,Mauritius & Medagaskar. Fruits were also inported from Reunion,Israel & Taiwan. In April-May 1993 NAFED of India exported 5 tones of litchi to U.K. which were well received. In 1994 10 tones of litchi was sent to U.K. from Muzaffarpur. 10 to 30 & gradually 56 tones of litchi were exported in subsquent years from Muzaffarpur. The quality of litchi exported from India is considered to be best. Even India’s share would amount to less than 1%.

PRODUCTION SCENARIO OF LITCHI

2008-05-20T00:21:00.000-07:00

Presently the area of under fruit is around 3 lakhs hectare with annual production of about 18 lakhs tones. In this state litchi is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sitamarhi, West & East Chaparan, Darbhanga, Samastipur. Litchi was grown in area of about 25.27 thousand hectare with total production of about 3 Lakhs tones.Thus Bihar produces 70% of total litchi production of the country & occupies nearly 54% of the area under litchi plantation in the country. Area under litchi in Muzaffarpur district is about 8000 Hectare with a production of about 75000

The Land Of Leechi:Muzaffarpur

2008-05-20T00:07:00.000-07:00

Muzaffarpur district, ‘The Land Of Leechi’ was created in 1875 for the sake of administrative convenience by splitting up the earlier district of Tirhut. The present district of Muzaffarpur came to its existence in the 18th century and named after Muzaffar Khan, an Amil (Revenue Officer) under British Dynasty. Purbi Champaran and Sitamarhi districts on North, on the South Vaishali and Saran districts, on the East Darbhanga and Samastipur districts and on the West Saran and Gopalganj districts surround Muzaffarpur. Now it has won international encomiums for its delicious Shahi Leechi and China Leechi

It is, of course impossible to trace back the history of this region to its earliest origins, but we can trace back it’s stream of strong heritage a very long way through the ancient Indian epic Ramayan, which still bears a significant role in Indian civilization. To initiate with the Legend, Rajarshi Janak was ruling Videha, the mythological name of this entire region including eastern Nepal and northern Bihar. Sitamarhi, a place in this region, bears a value of sacred Hindu belief where, Seeta (other name Vaidehi: The Princes of Videha) sprang to life out of an earthen pot while Rajarshi Janak was tilling the land.

The recorded history of the district dates back to the rise of the Vrijjan Republic. The center of political power also shifted from Mithila to Vaishali.

The Vrijjan Republic was a confederation of eight clans of which the Licchavis were the most powerful and influential. Even the powerful kingdom of Magadh had to conclude matrimonial alliances in 519 B.C. with the neighboring estates of the Licchavis. Ajatshatru invaded Vaishali and extended his sway over Tirhut. It was at this time that Patliputra (the modern Patna) was founded at the village Patali on the banks of the sacred river Ganga and Ajatshatru built an invincible fortress to keep vigil over the Licchavis on the other side of the river.

Ambarati, 40 Kms from Muzaffarpur is believed to be the village home of Amrapali, the famous Royal court dancer of Vaishali.

Vaishali, a center of religious renaissance, Baso Kund, the birth place of Mahavir, the 24th Jain Tirthankar and a contemporary of Lord Buddha continue to attract visitors from across the international boarders.

From the visit of the Hieuen Tsang’s till the rise of the Pala dynasty, Muzaffarpur was under the control of Maharaja Harsha Vardhan, a powerful sovereign of North India. After 647 A.D. The district passed on to the local chiefs. In the 8th century A.D. the Pala kings continued to have their hold over Tirhut until 1019 A.D. Chedi kings of Central India also exercised their influence over Tirhut till they were replaced by the rulers of the Sena dynasty towards the close of the 11the century.

Between 1211 & 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler of Bengal, was the first Muslim invader of Tirhut. He, however, could not succeed in conquering the kingdom but extorted tributes. It was in 1323 that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established his control over the district.

The history of Muzaffarpur will remain incomplete without a reference to the Simraon dynasty (in the north-east part of Champaran) and its founder Nanyupa Deva who extended his power over the whole of Mithila and Nepal. During the regime of Harasimha Deva, the last king of the dynasty, Tughlaq Shah invaded Tirhut in 1323 and gained control over the territory. Tughlaq Shah handed over the management of Tirhut to Kameshwar Thakur. Thus, the sovereign power of Tirhut passed from the Hindu chiefs to the Muslims but the Hindu chief continued to enjoy complete autonomy uninterruptedly.

Towards the close of the 14th century the whole of North Bihar including Tirhut passed on to the kings of Jaunpur and remained under their control for nearly a century until Sikandar Lodi of Delhi defeated the king of Jaunpur. Meanwhile, Hussain Shah, the Nawab of Bengal had become so powerful that he exercised his control over large tracts including Tirhut. The emperor of Delhi advanced against Hussain Shah in 1499 and got control over Tirhut after defeating its Raja. The power of the Nawabs of Bengal began to wane and with the decline and fall of Mahood Shah, north Bihar including Tirhut formed a part of the mighty Mughal Empire. Though Muzaffarpur with the entire north Bihar had been annexed yet the petty powerful chieftains continued to exercise effective control over this area till the days of Daud Khan, the Nawab of Bengal. Daud Khan had his stronghold at Patna and Hajipur and after his fall a separate Subah of Bihar was constituted under the Mughal dynasty and Tirhut formed a part of it.

The victory of East India Company in 1764 at the battle of Buxar gave them control over whole of Bihar and they succeeded in subduing the entire district. The success of the insurgent at Delhi in 1857 caused grave concern to the English inhabitants in this district and revolutionary fervor began to permeate the entire district. Muzaffarpur played its role and was the site of the famous bomb case of 1908. The young Bengali revolutionary, Khudi Ram Bose, a boy of barely 18 years was hanged for throwing the bomb at the carriage of Pringle Kennedy who was actually mistaken for Kingsford, the District Judge of Muzaffarpur. After independence, a memorial to this young revolutionary patriot was constructed at Muzaffrapur, which still stands. The political awakening in the country after the First World War stimulated nationalist movement in Muzaffarpur district also. The visit of Mahatma Gandhi to Muzaffarpur district in December 1920 and again in January 1927 had tremendous political effect in arousing the latent feelings of the people and the district continued to play a prominent role in the country’s struggle for freedom.

Muzaffarpur played a very significant role in the history of North-Eastern India. The peculiarity of Muzaffarpur in Indian civilization arises out of its position on the frontier line between two most vibrant spiritual influences and most significantly, to this day, it is a meeting place of Hindu and Islamic culture and thoughts.

All sorts of modified institutions, representing mutual assimilation, rise along the boarder line. It has undoubtedly been this highly diversified element within her boundaries that has so often made Muzaffarpur the birthplace of towering geniuses.

A Brief History of Tirhut Division

2008-05-19T23:57:00.000-07:00

Tirhut Division came into existence in 1908 after the proposal for its creation was approved by the Secretary of State for India in London. Tirhut or Muzaffarpur district comprising of the districts of Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga formed a part of Bhagalpur Division of Bengal Province till 1856. After the Santhal Revolt in 1855 when the district of Santhal Parganas was carved out, Tirhut district was placed under the Patna Division as a matter of administrative convenience. In 1875 Darbhanga was separated and was given the status of a district. Administrative exigency again brought about the division of Patna Commissionership when Bihar was part of Bengal. In 1912 a new Province called "Bihar and Orissa" was carved out from the old Bengal Presidency. In 1936 the Province of Bihar was separate from Orissa on the basis of race, language, economic interest and

geographical position.

Before curving out Tirhut Division from Patna Division,there was a practice for many years to appoint an Additional Commissioner to assist the Commissioner in the discharge of his duties over a large territory. However, due to prevalence of famine conditions in part of Patna Division, Sir Andrews Fraser, the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal felt very strongly for bifurcation of the Patna Division into two Commissioners’charges as a matter of administrative expediency. The move for the partition was made by the Governor-General of India in Council in their no. 348, dated Simla, the 5th September,1907, after measuring public opinion Accordingly in Resolution no. 202-Appointment, dated Calcutta, the 10th January, 1908, the proposal for splitting the

Patna Commissionership was circularized. Criticisms and suggestions were invited and after duly considering them the Government decided that the districts of Patna, Gaya and Shahabad south of the river Ganges (Ganga) be known as Patna Division with headquarters at Patna and the districts of Saran, Champaran, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga on the north of the river Ganges be known as Tirhut Division with headquarters at Muzaffarpur. There was some controversy as

to the name of the new Division. Sir Andrews Fraser proposed the name of Muzaffarpur Division. But the Government accepted the suggestion of Mr. Ridgley, Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, that the name of the new Division should be Tirhut Division. Ultimately Lord Morley gave his sanction to the division of Patna Commissionership into two Commissioners' charges in his letter no. 65, dated the 15th May, 1908, issued from India Office, London- thus born Tirhut Division At present there are six districts in the division namely Muzaffarpur, Vaishali (Hajipur), Sitamarhi, Sheohar, East Champaran (Motihari) & West Champaran (Bettiah). The decision to constitute the 7th district of the Division, viz Bagaha is yet to be implemented. There are already 7 Police Districts as named above under two Ranges viz Tirhut Range (comprising Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sitamarhi & Sheohar) and Champaran Range comprising of East Champaran, West Champaran & Bagaha) The word Tirhut is derived from Tirbhukti because it is situated on the bank of rivers. The land of Tirhut was ploughed by king Mithik, so it is called Mithila also & She is the nucleus of Ramayan.

"The ancient name for the tract of country bounded on the north by Himalayas, on south by the Ganga, on the west by the river Gandak and on the east by the river Kosi . Tirhut then comprised the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga, as well as the strip of Nepal Tarai which runs between these districts and the lower ranges of the Himalayas. General Cunninghum considers that the term referred to the lands lying in the valleys of the Little Gandak and Baghmati rivers. He points out that all the chief places in the country are found upon the banks of the former river ,which he says must have been the channel of the Great Gandak until the 7th Century A.D. Mahamahopadhyaya Hara Prasad Sastri thought that the term meant a province bordering on the Ganga and that the word bhuklti is often used in the Sena inscriptions in the sense of the province during the 10th ,11th and 12th centuries.It is, of course very difficult to trace back the history of this region to its earliest origins, but we can trace back it’s stream of strong heritage a very long way through the ancient Indian epic Ramayan, which still bears a significant role in Indian civilization. To initiate with the Legend, Rajarshi Janak was ruling Videha, the mythological name of this entire region including eastern Nepal and northern Bihar. Sitamarhi, a place in this region, bears a value of sacred Hindu belief

where, Sita (other name Vaidehi: The Princess of Videha) orJanaki sprang to life out of an earthen pot while Rajarshi Janak was tilling the land. Hence Janaki and Janki Sthan..

Tirhut Darpan

TIRHUT COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE , DHOLI, MUZAFFARPUR

EDUCATION

SHEOHAR DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

Date of Creation

East

Sitamarhi

Height from Sea level

80M

Sub-Divison

Rev. Village

Number of Parliamentary Constituency

Banks

Length of Roads( KM)

DM Sheohar

Sitamarhi

Bettiah

History of Champaran

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IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NOS.

EXPORT SCENARIO OF LITCHI

PRODUCTION SCENARIO OF LITCHI

The Land Of Leechi:Muzaffarpur

A Brief History of Tirhut Division